《關(guan)于加快(kuai)建立(li)統(tong)一規范的(de)碳排放(fang)統(tong)計核算體系實施(shi)方案》（以下(xia)簡稱《方案》）已公開發布。為了解《方案》有關(guan)情況，針(zhen)對社會各界(jie)關(guan)注的(de)相關(guan)問題，記者(zhe)采訪(fang)了國家(jia)發展(zhan)改革委有關(guan)負責(ze)同(tong)志。

　　問(wen)：《方案》出臺的(de)背景是什(shen)么？

　　答：碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排放(fang)統計核(he)算是做(zuo)好(hao)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的重要(yao)基礎(chu)(chu)，是制定(ding)政策、推動工(gong)(gong)(gong)作、開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)考核(he)、談判履約的重要(yao)依(yi)據，《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang) 國務院關于(yu)完整準確全面貫徹(che)新發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)理念(nian)做(zuo)好(hao)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的意(yi)見》和(he)(he)《2030年(nian)前碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰行動方案》作出相應部(bu)署，碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作領(ling)導(dao)小組提出明確要(yao)求。為夯實(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作基礎(chu)(chu)，加快建立統一規(gui)范的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排放(fang)統計核(he)算體系，國家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革委、國家(jia)統計局、生態環(huan)境部(bu)在深入開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)調(diao)研、廣泛聽取各方面意(yi)見建議的基礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)，起草了《方案》，經碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作領(ling)導(dao)小組全體會議審議通(tong)過，以三(san)部(bu)門名義(yi)印發(fa)。

　　問：《方案(an)》名稱中(zhong)使用了“統一(yi)規(gui)范的碳排放統計核算(suan)體系”，如何(he)理解“統一(yi)規(gui)范”？

　　答(da)：碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計核算(suan)(suan)(suan)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)項復雜而龐大的(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，涉及(ji)多個層(ceng)級(ji)、多類主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)、多種維度。不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)對象、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)核算(suan)(suan)(suan)邊界(jie)和(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法也不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。為了保證碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計核算(suan)(suan)(suan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作始終服務(wu)“雙碳(tan)(tan)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)作大局，必須用(yong)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)(fan)在(zai)“不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)”中(zhong)實現統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計核算(suan)(suan)(suan)體(ti)(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)向(xiang)明確、導向(xiang)一(yi)致(zhi)、權責(ze)清晰、程(cheng)序(xu)規范(fan)(fan)，這主(zhu)要體(ti)(ti)現在(zai)三(san)個方(fang)(fang)(fang)面：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)部(bu)門(men)權責(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清晰統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)。《方(fang)(fang)(fang)案》提(ti)出(chu)加強(qiang)碳(tan)(tan)達峰碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作領導小組的(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)領導，理順工(gong)(gong)(gong)作機制，優化工(gong)(gong)(gong)作流(liu)程(cheng)，形成有關部(bu)門(men)各司(si)其(qi)職、協同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作格局。二是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)點任(ren)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銜接有序(xu)。《方(fang)(fang)(fang)案》堅持從實際出(chu)發(fa)，圍繞及(ji)省級(ji)地區、行(xing)(xing)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)、重(zhong)點產(chan)(chan)品碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計核算(suan)(suan)(suan)以(yi)及(ji)國(guo)家(jia)溫室(shi)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)清單四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面重(zhong)點任(ren)務(wu)，建(jian)立統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作要求和(he)機制框架。三(san)是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)要參數的(de)(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)(fan)一(yi)致(zhi)。排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)因子是(shi)(shi)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計核算(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要參數。《方(fang)(fang)(fang)案》提(ti)出(chu)建(jian)立國(guo)家(jia)溫室(shi)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)清單排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)因子數據(ju)庫(ku)，并常態化、規范(fan)(fan)化更新，統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)籌測算(suan)(suan)(suan)這一(yi)重(zhong)要參數，將大力(li)提(ti)高不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)維度、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)層(ceng)面碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計核算(suan)(suan)(suan)數據(ju)權威性、可(ke)比(bi)性，強(qiang)化數據(ju)規范(fan)(fan)應用(yong)。后續，我們將會同(tong)(tong)(tong)有關部(bu)門(men)，按照急用(yong)先(xian)行(xing)(xing)、先(xian)易(yi)后難的(de)(de)(de)(de)順序(xu)，出(chu)臺并實施(shi)一(yi)系列區域、行(xing)(xing)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)、產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計核算(suan)(suan)(suan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法與標準，加快建(jian)立統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)規范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計核算(suan)(suan)(suan)體(ti)(ti)系。

　　問(wen)：《方案》部(bu)署了哪(na)些主要任務？

　　答：《方案》重(zhong)點部(bu)署了四項任務：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)立及(ji)地(di)方碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)統計(ji)(ji)(ji)核算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。由國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家統計(ji)(ji)(ji)局統一(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定及(ji)省(sheng)級地(di)區(qu)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)統計(ji)(ji)(ji)核算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)方法(fa)，組(zu)(zu)織開(kai)展及(ji)各省(sheng)級地(di)區(qu)年(nian)度(du)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)總量核算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)。二是(shi)(shi)完(wan)善(shan)行業企業碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)核算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)部(bu)、市場監管(guan)(guan)總局會(hui)同行業主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門組(zu)(zu)織制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)修訂電力(li)、鋼鐵、有色、建(jian)材(cai)、石化、化工、建(jian)筑等(deng)重(zhong)點行業碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)核算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)方法(fa)及(ji)相關國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家標準，加快建(jian)立覆蓋全面、算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)科(ke)學的行業碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)核算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)方法(fa)體系。三(san)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)立健全重(zhong)點產(chan)品碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)核算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)方法(fa)。由生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)部(bu)會(hui)同行業主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門研(yan)究制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定重(zhong)點行業產(chan)品的原材(cai)料、半成品和成品的碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)核算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)方法(fa)。四是(shi)(shi)完(wan)善(shan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家溫室(shi)氣體清單(dan)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)部(bu)會(hui)同有關部(bu)門組(zu)(zu)織開(kai)展數據收集、報告(gao)撰寫和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際審評等(deng)工作，按照履約要求編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家溫室(shi)氣體清單(dan)。

　　問：為推(tui)動《方案》重要(yao)任務(wu)落地，有哪些具體安排？

　　答(da)：為建(jian)(jian)(jian)立統(tong)(tong)一規范(fan)的(de)(de)碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)計核(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)體系，《方案》部署(shu)了五方面保障措施。主(zhu)要包括：一是(shi)夯實(shi)統(tong)(tong)計基礎(chu)。加強(qiang)(qiang)碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)計核(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)基層機(ji)(ji)構和隊(dui)伍建(jian)(jian)(jian)設，提(ti)高核(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)能(neng)力和水平。二是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)因子(zi)庫。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立國家(jia)溫室氣體排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)因子(zi)數據(ju)庫，逐步建(jian)(jian)(jian)立覆蓋面廣、適用性強(qiang)(qiang)、可信度高的(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)因子(zi)編(bian)制和更新體系。三是(shi)應(ying)用先(xian)進技術。加強(qiang)(qiang)碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)計核(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)信息(xi)化能(neng)力建(jian)(jian)(jian)設，加快(kuai)推進5G、大數據(ju)、云計算(suan)(suan)(suan)、區(qu)塊鏈等現代(dai)信息(xi)技術的(de)(de)應(ying)用。四(si)是(shi)開展方法(fa)(fa)學研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。鼓勵高校、科研(yan)院所、企事業(ye)(ye)單位開展碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)方法(fa)(fa)學研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。五是(shi)完善支持政策。做好及省(sheng)級(ji)地區(qu)碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)計核(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)、國家(jia)溫室氣體清單編(bian)制的(de)(de)資(zi)金支持。加強(qiang)(qiang)行業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)構資(zi)質和從業(ye)(ye)人員管理，全面提(ti)升(sheng)從業(ye)(ye)人員專業(ye)(ye)水平。

　　《方(fang)案》還提出三方(fang)面工作(zuo)要求(qiu)，一(yi)是加強組織協(xie)調。碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰碳(tan)(tan)中和工作(zuo)領(ling)導小組加強對碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)統計核算工作(zuo)的統一(yi)領(ling)導，各(ge)(ge)有關部門(men)要密切加強配合(he)，強化工作(zuo)協(xie)調，形成(cheng)(cheng)推進合(he)力(li)。二是嚴格數(shu)據(ju)(ju)管理(li)。各(ge)(ge)有關單位要高(gao)度重視數(shu)據(ju)(ju)管理(li)。三是加強成(cheng)(cheng)果應用。合(he)理(li)利用各(ge)(ge)級各(ge)(ge)類碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)核算成(cheng)(cheng)果，為(wei)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰碳(tan)(tan)中和政策制定、工作(zuo)推進和監督考核等工作(zuo)提供數(shu)據(ju)(ju)支撐。

　　轉(zhuan)自(zi)：發展改革(ge)委網站(zhan)